Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a disease in which the optical nerve is damaged, leading to progressive and irreversible loss of sight.
Types
The disease can be divided into "open angle" and "closed angle" glaucoma. Closed angle glaucoma can appear suddenly and is often painful; loss of vision can be rapid but the discomfort associated with it often compels the patient to seek medical attention before permanent damage is done. Open angle glaucoma, or chronic glaucoma, tends to progress at a slower rate and the patient may not notice that she has been affected until the disease has progressed significantly.
Symptoms
- Progressive visual field loss
- Nausea and vomiting
- Sudden decreased vision and
- A fixed mid-dilated pupil
Causes
Glaucoma is usually, but not always, caused by elevated pressure in the eye, which then damages the optical nerve. In some cases, however, glaucoma may occur in the presence of normal eye pressure. This form of glaucoma is believed to be caused by poor regulation of blood flow to the optic nerve.
Detection
An ophthalmologist can usually detect people who have high risks for glaucoma before nerve damage occurs. Patients who already have the disease may be detected by observing their nerve damage or visual field loss.
Treatment
Although nerve damage is something that cannot be reversed, glaucoma may be controlled through treatment, which may involve eye drops, medication, or surgery.